Narrative Review
Endoscopic Spine Surgery - A New Paradigm
Main Article Content
Abstract
The author describes briefly the history of vertebral spine disc pathology and the evolution in its treatment, along with the parallel history of percutaneous procedures that culminated in the development of endoscopic spine surgery. Then the rational for the surgical technique is described, it’s current and future application, and finally the case for Endoscopic Spine Surgery being an actual paradigm shift in Spine Surgery is made.
Article Details
![Creative Commons License](http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
H. Oppenheim and F. Krause, “Ueber Einklemmung bzw. Strangulation der Cauda equina,” Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift, vol. 35, no. 16, pp. 697–700, 1909.
A. W. Adson and W. O. Ott, “Results of the removal of tumors of the spinal cord,” Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 520–537, 1922.
W. J. Mixter and J. S. Barr, “Rupture of the intervertebral disc with involvement of the spinal canal,” The New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 211, no. 5, pp. 210–214, 1934.
M. G. Yasargil, “Microsurgical operation of herniated lumbar disc,” in Lumbar Disc Adult Hydrocephalus, vol. 4 of Advances in Neurosurgery, pp. 81-81, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany, 1977.
W. Caspar, “A new surgical procedure for lumbar disc her- niation causing less tissue damage through a microsurgical approach,” in Lumbar Disc Adult Hydrocephalus, vol. 4 of Advances in Neurosurgery, pp. 74–80, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany, 1977.
J. A. McCulloch and P. H. Young, Eds., Essentials of Spinal Microsurgery, Lippincott Raven, 1998.
L. Smith, “Enzyme dissolution of the nucleus pulposus in humans,” The Journal of the American Medical Association, vol. 187, no. 2, pp. 137–140, 1964.
L. Thomas, “Reversible collapse of rabbit ears after intravenous papain, and prevention of recovery by cortisone,” The Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol. 104, no. 2, pp. 245–252, 1956.
S. Hijikata, “A method of percutaneous nuclear extraction,” Journal of Toden Hospital, vol. 5, pp. 39–42, 1975.
P. Kambin and S. Sampson, “Posterolateral percutaneous suction-excision of herniated lumbar intervertebral discs. Report of interim results,” Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, vol. 207, pp. 37–43, 1986.
P. Kambin and M. D. Bracer, “Percutaneous posterolateral discectomy. Anatomy and mechanism,” Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, no. 223, pp. 145–154, 1987.
P. Kambin and J. L. Schaffer, “Percutaneous lumbar discectomy. Review of 100 patients and current practice,” Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, no. 238, pp. 24–34, 1989.
A. Schreiber, Y. Suezawa, and H. Leu, “Does percutaneous nucleotomy with discoscopy replace conventional discectomy? Eight years of experience and results in treatment of herniated lumbar disc,” Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, no. 238, pp. 35–42, 1989.
Kambin P. Arthroscopic microdiscectomy of the lumbar spine. Clin Sports Med 1993;12:143-50.
H. M. Mayer and M. Brock, “Percutaneous endoscopic discectomy: surgical technique and preliminary results compared to microsurgical discectomy,” Journal of Neurosurgery, vol. 78, no. 2, pp. 216–225, 1993.
P. Hoogland T, van den Brekel-Dijkstra K, Schubert M, Miklitz B: Endoscopic transforaminal discectomy for recurrent lumbar disc herniation: a prospective, cohort evaluation of 262 consecutive cases. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 33:973–978, 2008.
Ruetten S, Komp M, Merk H, et al. Full-endoscopic interlaminar and transforaminal lumbar discectomy versus conventional microsurgical technique: a prospective, randomized, controlled study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2008;33:931-9.
M. Komp, P. Hahn, H. Merk, G. Godolias and S. Ruetten,“Bilateral operation of lumbar degenerative central spinal stenosis in full-endoscopic interlaminar technique with unilateral approach: Prospective 2-year results of 74 patients,” Journal of Spinal Disorders & Techniques, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 281–287, 2011.
S. Ruetten, M. Komp, H. Merk, and G. Godolias, “Surgical treatment for lumbar lateral recess stenosis with the full endoscopic interlaminar approach versus conventional microsurgical technique: a prospective, randomized, controlled study,” Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 476–485, 2009.
Ruetten S, Komp M, Merk H, et al. Full-endoscopic cervical posterior foraminotomy for the operation of lateral disc herniations using 5.9-mm endoscopes: a prospective, randomized, controlled study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2008;33:940-8.
S. Ruetten, P. Hahn, S. Oezdemir et al., “Full-endoscopic uniportal decompression in disc herniations and stenosis of the thoracic spine using the interlaminar, extraforaminal, or transthoracic retropleural approach,” Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 157–168, 2018.
Morgenstern R, Morgenstern C. Feasibility of full percutaneous segmental stabilization of the lumbar spine with a combination of an expandable interbody cage and an interspinous spacer: preliminary results. Int J Spine Surg 2018;12: 665-72.
Ito M, Abumi K, Kotani Y, et al. Clinical outcome of posterolateral endoscopic surgery for pyogenic spondylodiscitis: results of 15 patients with serious comorbid conditions. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2007;32:200-6.
Telfeian AE, Choi DB, Aghion DM. Transforaminal endoscopic surgery under local analgesia for ventral epidural thoracic spinal tumor: Case report. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2015;134:1-3
Wang MY, Grossman J. Endoscopic minimally invasive transforaminal interbody fusion without general anesthesia: initial clinical experience with 1-year follow-up. Neurosurg Focus 2016;40:E13.
Gibson, J.N.A., Cowie, J.G., Iprenburg, M., 2012. Transforaminal endoscopic spinal surgery: the future ‘gold standard’ for discectomy? A review. Surgeon, 10(5):290-296.
Saqib Hasan, Roger Härtl, Christoph P. Hofstetter The benefit zone of full endoscopic spine surgery J Spine Surg 2019;5(Suppl 1):S41-S56.